Income
Income, which includes resources earned from work, returns on investment, and government transfers and benefits (e.g. Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and unemployment insurance), is a key determinant of living standards. A comprehensive look at family and household income reveals that growing inequality has led to economic progress for low- and middle-income families that lags far behind the economy’s potential.
The basic contours of American incomes
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Minimum income thresholds for family and household income, by income group
Table 2.3 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Sources of pretax comprehensive income, by income group
Table 2.4 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Black median family income, as a share of white median family income
Figure 2D in State of Working America 12th Edition
The Great Recession and American incomes
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Change in real family income from business cycle peak years 1989, 2000, and
Figure 2G in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Average capital gains of the top 5% of the income distribution and the S&P 500 composite price index
Figure 2H in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in real median household income, by race and ethnicity
Figure 2I in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in real family income of the middle fifth, actual and predicted
Figure 2J in State of Working America 12th Edition
Rising inequality of American incomes
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Income growth for families at the 20th, 50th, and 95th percentiles
Figure 2K in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Income growth for families at the 20th, 50th, and 95th percentiles, by nativity
Figure 2L in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in real annual household income, by income group
Figure 2M in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Share of average income growth accounted for by the bottom 95 percent, top 5 percent, and top 1 percent, by dataset and income concept
Table 2.6 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Share of income held by top 1 percent in developed countries
Figure 2AB in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in the share of market income and post-tax, post-transfer income that households claim, by income group
Figure 2N in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Effect of tax policies on each household income group's share of total income, 1979 and 2007, and the difference needed in 2007 to preserve 1979 post-tax shares
Figure 2O in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Average effective federal tax rates, by household income group
Figure 2P in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Average effective federal tax rates, by income group
Figure 2Q in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Effective tax rates for selected federal taxes, by income group
Table 2.7 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in real cash and medical transfer income, by income group
Figure 2R in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Tax rate, transfer rate, and tax rate net of transfers, by income group
Table 2.8 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in tax rate, transfer rate, and tax rate net of transfers, by income group
Figure 2S in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in real annual household wages, by income group
Figure 2T in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Educational attainment, by income group, selected years
Table 2.9 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in real annual household capital income, by income group
Figure 2U in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Share of total household capital income claimed, by income group
Figure 2V in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Share of market-based personal income, by income type, selected years
Table 2.10 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Effect of the shift from labor to capital income on the top 1 percent of households, selected years
Table 2.11 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Corporate-sector income shares, profit rates, and capital-to-output ratio, selected years
Table 2.12 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Capital share of total corporate-sector income, actual and counterfactual holding 1979 profit rate constant
Figure 2X in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Share of total household income growth attributable to various income groups
Figure 2Y in State of Working America 12th Edition
How much did middle-income living standards actually rise between 1979 and 2007?
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Change in household income, as reported by CBO comprehensive income data and CPS money income data, by income group
Figure 2Z in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in sources of comprehensive income, middle fifth of households, selected years
Table 2.13 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in sources of comprehensive income for elderly households in the middle fifth, selected years
Table 2.14 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Change in sources of comprehensive income for non-elderly households in the middle fifth, selected years
Table 2.15 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Contributions to middle-fifth income growth, by income category and household type, selected years
Table 2.16 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Contribution of hours versus hourly wages to annual wage growth for working-age households, by income group, selected years
Table 2.17 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Annual hours worked by married men and women age 25–54 with children, by income group, selected years
Table 2.18 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Impact of increasing education and experience on hourly wages of individuals in the middle fifth of the income distribution, selected years
Table 2.19 in State of Working America 12th Edition
